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Treatment of Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety can take a toll on an individual's life by making them feel depressed and tired. Stress can hinder people from engaging, causing a false belief that they are in danger and creating a sense of isolation.

Treatment for anxiety can include psychotherapy, medications, and exercise. The medications can include antidepressants like SSRIs (citalopram, Escitalopram), and benzodiazepines, such as diazepam or lorazepam.

The effects of medication

Anxiety disorders are a result of anxiety that lasts for too long or is a hindrance to daily life. Treatment of anxiety disorders usually includes psychotherapy and medication. While medications can alleviate the symptoms, they don't treat anxiety disorders. They must be used alongside psychotherapy and lifestyle adjustments.

Antidepressants as well as other benzodiazepines can be frequently prescribed to alleviate anxiety. Antidepressants correct a chemical imbalance in the brain, which can cause anxiety. Benzodiazepines like Xanax, Klonopin, and Valium are sedatives that work quickly to stop the body's response to anxiety. They are also addictive, and therefore not recommended for long-term.

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors, also known as SSRIs, help to reduce the levels of cortisol stress hormone in the body. They also block brain receptors that absorb serotonin, allowing for more of the mood-enhancing chemical to circulate. This eases anxiety. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, or SNRIs, have similar effects to SSRIs and can also be effective in treating anxiety. Pros: SSRIs are readily available and are effective for the majority of people, and have a favorable safety profile. Cons: Some patients experience side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness or dry mouth.

Propranolol and other psychiatric drugs can also help with anxiety-related symptoms. These drugs are typically used to treat high blood pressure and heart problems however, doctors can prescribe them "off-label" to treat anxiety. They are used to lessen the effects of stress hormones in your body, like adrenaline and noradrenaline, that raise your heart rate and blood pressure. They can also cause adverse effects like orthostatic hypotension (drop in blood pressure when standing up), bradycardia (slower than the normal heart rate) and sedation.

Changing your diet and getting enough exercise, can help ease anxiety. Also, relaxing activities such as meditation and yoga. There are also mind-body treatments like acupuncture and tai chi that can ease anxiety. Talk to your doctor about the options that are appropriate for you.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

Cognitive behavioral therapy, which is a psychotherapy founded on scientific research and proven to be effective in treating anxiety disorders. It is based on the idea that feelings, thoughts and physical sensations are interconnected and that negative patterns can lead you into an endless cycle. CBT helps you recognize your negative thoughts patterns and to implement strategies that will help you control them. It also teaches how to manage your reactions to anxiety-producing scenarios and develop coping strategies.

In the first session, the therapist typically conducts an assessment. This may include filling out questionnaires, conducting interviews, or supplying written materials. It will help them understand your specific disorder, pinpoint the symptoms that are troubling you and determine if your current treatment options are effective. The test will also help determine if you can have a therapeutic relationship.

CBT is usually short-term, and can last for 20 or less sessions. In these sessions, you will meet with your therapist at least once every week or two weeks. Your therapist will instruct you on various self-help methods that include how to reframe negative thinking and practice positive outcomes. They will also teach you coping skills such as how to relax your mind and relax your body.

Your therapist may offer you tools, like therapy worksheets, that will help you track the triggers and symptoms. They will help you overcome your anxiety in small steps that are manageable to make it less as daunting. For example, if you are concerned about social interactions, they might start by having you role play with your therapist and then proceed to talk to friends or family members.

Another benefit of CBT is behavioural tests. It allows you to question your irrational catastrophe predictions by providing evidence against them. If you are afraid that something bad will occur to you if leave your house, you can do an behavioural test by making a prediction. For instance, "If I go for dinner, I'll be afflicted with food poisoning." Then you can note whether or not the prediction was accurate.

Hypnotherapy

Hypnotherapy can be used as an alternative to medications to treat anxiety. Hypnosis can help people relax, change their perception of their symptoms, and modify their behavior. It can be used to overcome phobias. It can be used to decrease anxiety and stress and can help with pain. The effects of hypnosis are long-lasting and can be observed after just one session.

During a session of hypnosis (or while listening to a recorded audio) the therapist guides you into a state of mind that feels like a daydream. In this relaxed state you are able to hear the suggestions of your therapist and respond. They may ask you to imagine a safe and relaxing place and then they will tell you to pay attention to sensory details that gradually become more real. This is known as a 'deepening state of trance.' Here is where you will start to notice a difference in the symptoms.

Many people notice a change immediately. After hypnotherapy, they can feel the shift as soon as they leave the room or close their eyes. This is very normal and sometimes it can feel magical. For some however, it could take several sessions before they see any positive changes. This is normal, and it's crucial to give therapy time to get things going.

Always consult your doctor before undergoing hypnotherapy. They will be able to answer any concerns you may have regarding hypnotherapy and also discuss your options. Hypnosis is not offered on the NHS therefore you'll need to arrange a private session with a trained therapist. These sessions can be costly but they are also more affordable than other forms of treatment for anxiety.

Hypnosis can be used to treat PTSD. This condition occurs after a traumatic event like a car accident or natural disaster, or even war, and can cause depression, anxiety and other problems. The signs of PTSD are arousing memory as well as night terrors and increased anxiety. Hypnotherapy can be a very effective treatment for PTSD, and it's usually used in conjunction with other forms of therapy to achieve the best treatment for anxiety depression results.

Exercise

Exercise may be the best treatment for anxiety. One vigorous exercise session can ease anxiety-related symptoms for hours, and a consistent routine of exercise can drastically reduce anxiety symptoms over time.

While it is well-documented that regular exercise has benefits for health anxiety treatment, only a few studies have examined the effects it has on anxiety. However, a recent study suggests that intense exercises are particularly effective for those suffering from anxiety.

Researchers who participated in the study led University of Gothenburg psychologist Henriksson assigned 223 individuals suffering from anxiety to an intensive 12-week program of group exercise, which included low- or high-intensity workouts. They also provided them with instructions on how they can incorporate fitness into their lives. The results were clear: those who were in the high-intensity group showed significantly greater improvement in their anxiety levels than those in the low intensity group.

These results have implications for the use of exercise plans in general practice. Patients with anxiety tend to be more sedentary than people who are not affected and the absence of physical activity can contribute to their psychiatric problems. Research suggests that those who exercise regularly are 25 percent less likely to suffer from depression or an anxiety disorder than those who are inactive.

Exercise can have a positive effect on mental well-being. It boosts the release of positive hormones like serotonin, dopamine and others. Additionally, it can help increase self-esteem and improve sleep quality. However, the benefits of physical exercise are more extensive: studies have shown that it is as effective as antidepressants in treating anxiety.

A recent meta-analysis by Jayakody and co-workers identified eight studies comparing groups who exercised to those that did not exercise. Each study reported a reduction in anxiety. The researchers restricted their analyses to trials involving participants with a formal diagnosis of anxiety disorder. This means that more research is needed to determine if exercise is a viable option for those who have elevated levels of anxiety treatment at home.